Difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

Solution:

Protostomes and deuterostomes are two different types of animals that develop during embryonic growth. They differ in several ways:

1.    Cleavage pattern:

In protostomes, the cleavage is spiral and determinate, meaning that the fate of each cell is determined early in development. In contrast, in deuterostomes, the cleavage is radial and indeterminate, meaning that the fate of each cell is not determined until later in development.

2.    Blastopore fate: 

In protostomes, the blastopore becomes the mouth, and a second opening forms to become the anus. In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus, and a second opening forms to become the mouth.

3.    Coelom formation: 

In protostomes, the coelom forms by a process called schizocoely, where the mesoderm splits to form the coelom. In deuterostomes, the coelom forms by a process called enterocoely, where the mesoderm buds off the gut to form the coelom.

Examples: Examples of protostomes include mollusks, arthropods, and annelids, while examples of deuterostomes include echinoderms, chordates, and hemichordates.

In summary, the main differences between protostomes and deuterostomes are in their cleavage pattern, blastopore fate, and coelom formation.