Cognitive Psychology MCQs ||| PSY504 MCQs ||| Set 3

MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)

1)  Identify which of the following did Not work on Schema theory?

    a)        Bartlett

    b)        Freud

    c)        Minsky

    d)        Rumelhart

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'b'.

Explanation:

Freud did not work on Schema theory.

Schema theory is a cognitive theory that focuses on how individuals organize and represent knowledge in their mind, using mental frameworks or schemas. It is associated with cognitive psychologists like Bartlett, Minsky, and Rumelhart, who have contributed to the development and understanding of this theory.

Sigmund Freud, on the other hand, was a psychoanalyst and the founder of psychoanalysis, which is a different psychological theory that focuses on the role of the unconscious mind, emotions, and early childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior. While Freud's work had a significant impact on psychology, he did not specifically work on Schema theory.

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2)  A group sharing same essential features may refer to which of the followings?

    a)        Category

    b)        Race

    c)        Class

    d)        Group

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'a'.

Explanation:

A group sharing the same essential features may refer to a Category.

In the context of cognitive psychology, a category is a mental concept that groups objects, ideas, or events based on shared essential features or common characteristics. Categories help individuals organize and understand the world around them by allowing them to group similar things together and treat them as a coherent unit.

For example, the category "fruits" includes various objects like apples, oranges, bananas, and grapes, among others, which share essential features such as being edible and typically containing seeds. Similarly, the category "vehicles" includes cars, bicycles, trucks, and motorcycles, which share the essential feature of being means of transportation.

Categorization is a fundamental cognitive process that facilitates memory, learning, and problem-solving by simplifying the way we represent and process information.

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3)  Which of the following statement is WRONG?

    a)        We can recognize many things we cannot recall 

    b)       We can recall many things we cannot recognize

    c)        Ibn-al Haitham invented the lenses we use in spectacles

    d)        Increase in reaction time is related with the number of fact related with a concept.

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'c'.

Explanation:

Ibn-al Haitham (also known as Alhazen) was a renowned Muslim scientist, mathematician, and philosopher who made significant contributions to the field of optics. While he did conduct experiments and wrote extensively about the behavior of light and optics, he did not invent the lenses used in modern spectacles. The invention of spectacles is attributed to European craftsmen in the late 13th century.

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4)  Which of the following statement is TRUE?

    a)        Forgotten memories are forgotten 

    b)        Forgotten memories are still there but too weak to retrieve

    c)         William James worked a lot on forgotten memories

    d)        Childhood memories are always forgotten memories

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'b'.

Explanation:

When we forget something, it doesn't necessarily mean that the memories have been completely erased from our brains. Instead, forgotten memories are often still stored in the brain but become difficult to retrieve or recall. The information may be temporarily inaccessible or less vivid due to factors like interference, lack of rehearsal, or the passage of time. This phenomenon is a common occurrence in memory processes.

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5)  Artificial intelligence focused on schemas because: 

    a)        Schemas make knowledge that helps the computer in information

    b)        Schemas are not designed to facilitate making inferences about the concepts 

    c)        Schema help in conversation 

    d)        Schemas are maps

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'a'.

Explanation:

Artificial intelligence often focuses on schemas because schemas are structures that organize and represent knowledge about the world. By utilizing schemas, computers can better understand and process information, making it easier to reason, learn, and draw inferences about concepts and their relationships. Schemas provide a framework for encoding and organizing data, which is crucial for various AI tasks, including natural language processing, knowledge representation, and problem-solving.

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6) Which of the following type of imagery was identified by Farah and colleagues in (1988)?

    a)        Visual and Spatial properties

    b)        Phonological and Spatial properties

    c)        Spatial and cognitive properties

    d)        Spatial and schematic properties

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'a'.

Explanation:

Farah and colleagues identified both phonological and spatial properties of mental imagery in their study conducted in 1988. The study explored the different ways in which mental images are represented and processed in the human mind. These findings have contributed to our understanding of how the brain processes and utilizes mental imagery for various cognitive tasks.

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7)  While analyzing a story structure, which of the following refer towards the main goals of the story characters?

    a)        Setting

    b)        Plot

    c)        Theme

    d)        Resolution

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'b'.

Explanation:

The plot of a story revolves around the actions, events, and challenges that the characters face in pursuit of their goals. It encompasses the central conflict and the characters' efforts to achieve their objectives, making it closely related to the main goals of the story characters. The other options are not directly related to the characters' goals:

Setting: Refers to the time and place where the story takes place.

Theme: Represents the central idea or message conveyed by the story.

Resolution: Denotes the outcome or solution to the central conflict in the story.

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8) Who conducted an experiment for getting evidence for the role of schemas in memory?  

    a)        Warren

    b)        Sternberg

    c)        Bartlett

    d)        Cherry

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'c'.

Explanation:

Frederic Bartlett, a British psychologist, conducted an experiment known as "War of the Ghosts" in the 1930s. This experiment aimed to investigate the role of schemas in memory and how people recall and reconstruct stories they have heard. Bartlett's work provided evidence supporting the idea that memory is influenced by pre-existing schemas or mental frameworks, which can lead to memory distortions and inaccuracies.

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9)  Which type of imagery requires access to visual details not just recognition of visual objects and patterns?

    a)        Visual properties

    b)        Spatial properties

    c)        Insight properties

    d)       Evidence properties

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'b'.

Explanation:

Spatial properties in imagery refer to the ability to mentally manipulate and access visual details of an object or scene. It involves perceiving and understanding the spatial relationships between various elements in the mental image. This goes beyond merely recognizing visual objects and patterns and requires a deeper level of engagement with the visual details and their arrangement in space.

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10) Loci are the plural of which of the following?

    a)        Locus

    b)        Lotus

    c)        Lotto

    d)        Loaf

Correct Answer: 

The correct answer is  'a'.

Explanation:

"Locus" is a Latin word that refers to a specific place or location. "Loci" is the plural form of "locus," used to describe multiple places or locations. In various contexts, "loci" can be used to represent multiple points in space or multiple locations in a text or argument.

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