Read the given four descriptions of the cognitive development of different individuals to identify at which stage of cognitive development they are as given by Jean Paget. Moreover, you have to give justification for the identified stage of cognitive development (by Jean Piaget). 

S.No.	Description of Cognitive Development	Identification of the stage of cognitive development given by Jean Piaget (2x4)	Justification (3x4)
1.	Shabana, an 8-year-old girl, is participating in a class project where she needs to create a drawing of her family. She draws a picture of her family members, including herself, with detailed facial features and labels each family member with their names.
2.	Shahnawaz, a 14-year-old debate club participant, tackles a complex social issue by arguing for both sides in different rounds. His abstract thinking allows him to consider multiple viewpoints, forming strong arguments. Additionally, he employs hypothetical reasoning to explore the consequences of various policy choices related to the issue.
3.	Shazia, a 9-month-old baby, is playing with her toys. She picks up a rattle and shakes it, smiling and making happy noises. When her mother enters the room, Emma reaches out her arms for her to pick her up.
4.	Shahzaib, a 3-year-old boy, is in the park with his caregiver. He enjoys playing in the sandbox, building sandcastles, and making friends with other children. He follows simple instructions and uses short sentences to express his needs and preferences.

Solution:

S.No.	Description of Cognitive Development	Identification of the stage of cognitive development given by Jean Piaget (2x4)	Justification (3x4)
1.	Shabana, an 8-year-old girl, is participating in a class project where she needs to create a drawing of her family. She draws a picture of her family members, including herself, with detailed facial features and labels each family member with their names.	Concrete Operational Stage	In this stage, children between 7 and 11 years old start to think logically but struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts. Shabana's detailed drawing with named family members shows her logical thinking and understanding of concrete objects.
2.	Shahnawaz, a 14-year-old debate club participant, tackles a complex social issue by arguing for both sides in different rounds. His abstract thinking allows him to consider multiple viewpoints, forming strong arguments. Additionally, he employs hypothetical reasoning to explore the consequences of various policy choices related to the issue.	Formal Operational Stage	The formal operational stage (typically from age 12 and above) involves abstract and hypothetical thinking. Shahnawaz's ability to argue from different perspectives and employ hypothetical reasoning demonstrates abstract thinking and logical exploration of multiple viewpoints, typical of this stage.
3.	Shazia, a 9-month-old baby, is playing with her toys. She picks up a rattle and shakes it, smiling and making happy noises. When her mother enters the room, Emma reaches out her arms for her to pick her up.	Sensorimotor Stage	The sensorimotor stage (from birth to 2 years old) involves learning through sensory experiences and actions. Shazia's behavior—smiling, making happy noises, and reaching out to be picked up by her mother—reflects sensory exploration and the early stages of understanding her environment through actions and reactions.
4.	Shahzaib, a 3-year-old boy, is in the park with his caregiver. He enjoys playing in the sandbox, building sandcastles, and making friends with other children. He follows simple instructions and uses short sentences to express his needs and preferences.	Preoperational Stage	The preoperational stage (ages 2 to 7) involves the use of symbols and language to represent objects. Shahzaib's ability to follow simple instructions, play creatively in the sandbox, and use short sentences to express his needs demonstrates the use of symbols (words) to communicate, typical of this stage.