Introduction to Psychology MCQs | PSY101 MCQs | Set 3
Introduction to Psychology MCQs | PSY101 MCQs | Set 3
MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)
1) Human behavior is determined by the environment. This was proposed by which of the followings?
a) Behaviorists
b) Humanists
c) Psychoanalysts
d) Cognitivists
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'a'.
Explanation:
Behaviorism is a school of psychology that emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping and determining human behavior. Behaviorists believe that behavior is learned through interactions with the environment, and they focus on observable behaviors and the influence of reinforcement and conditioning on behavior. Prominent behaviorists include John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.
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2) A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on _____________.
a) Classical conditioning
b) Cognitive learning
c) Operant conditioning
d) Vicarious learning
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
A Skinner box, also known as an operant conditioning chamber, is a device used in research on operant conditioning, which is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences (rewards or punishments). B.F. Skinner, a prominent behaviorist, developed this apparatus to study the principles of operant conditioning and how animals (and humans) learn new behaviors based on the consequences of their actions.
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3) Who amongst the following used apes in his experiments for knowing the use of insight by animals in problem solving?
a) J. B. Watson
b) B. F. Skinners
c) Wolfgang Kohler
d) Jean Piaget
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
Wolfgang Kohler conducted experiments with apes, particularly chimpanzees, to study their problem-solving abilities and the use of insight in problem solving. Kohler's experiments with chimpanzees, such as Sultan, demonstrated that animals could exhibit insight and use it to solve problems, challenging the behaviorist views of the time. Kohler's work contributed to our understanding of animal cognition.
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4) Skinners used which of the following technique that means start reinforcing a behavior that is the first toward final behavior and then gradually reinforce successively closer approximations to the final behavior.
a) Shaping
b) Assertion
c) Modeling
d) Aversive
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'a'.
Explanation:
B.F. Skinner used the technique of shaping, which involves reinforcing behaviors that are progressively closer to the desired final behavior. It involves rewarding small steps or approximations toward the ultimate goal behavior. This method helps in training complex behaviors through a series of gradual steps.
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5) Learning to play a Piano is an example of which of the following?
a) Shaping
b) Classical conditioning
c) Learning by insight
d) Generalization
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
Learning by insight, also known as insight learning, is a form of learning that occurs when a person or animal suddenly perceives or understands a new solution or strategy to a problem without prior experience or trial and error. It often involves a "eureka" moment where the individual gains a sudden understanding of how to solve a problem or perform a task.
In the case of learning to play the piano, insight learning might involve understanding the relationship between keys, chords, and melodies without necessarily going through a step-by-step trial-and-error process.
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6) ____ is synonymous with short-term memory.
a) Sensory registers
b) Shadow memory
c) Working memory
d) Secondary memory
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
Working memory is a system responsible for the temporary holding and manipulation of information needed for various cognitive tasks, such as problem-solving, reasoning, and language comprehension. It's a limited-capacity system that allows us to work with information briefly before either discarding it or transferring it into long-term memory.
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7) A child overcomes her fear of snakes by observing another child repeatedly handle snakes. This is an example of which of the followings?
a) Cognition therapy
b) Systematic desensitization
c) Modeling
d) Contingency contracting
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'c'.
Explanation:
Modeling is a form of learning where individuals observe and imitate the behaviors of others. In this case, the child observed the behavior of another child (handling snakes) and learned from that observation, which helped her overcome her fear.
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8) In which of the following type of learning, an association
is formed between a behavior and a
consequence?
a) Classical conditioning
b) Operant conditioning
c) Modeling
d) Observational learning
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'b'.
Explanation:
In operant conditioning, an association is formed between a behavior and a consequence.
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9) The best analogy for the way long-term memory is conceptualized would be:
a) A revolving door
b) A filing cabinet
c) A television
d) A desktop
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'b'.
Explanation:
The best analogy for the way long-term memory is conceptualized would be a filing cabinet.
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10) Which of the following memory is a type of sensory memory, stores information coming from the ears?
a) Iconic
b) Echoic
c) Implicit
d) Semantic
Correct Answer:
The correct answer is 'b'.
Explanation:
Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory that stores information coming from the ears. It's responsible for retaining auditory information for a brief period, allowing us to process and understand spoken language and other auditory stimuli.
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